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– Societies under German Occupation –

Experiences and Everyday Life in

WORLD WAR II


DIGITAL EDITION
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Societies under German Occupation

Experiences and Everyday Life in World War II

The international research and editorial project Societies under German Occupation – Experiences and Everyday Life in World War II brings together leading academic institutions and renowned scholars from 15 European countries, in order to investigate the everyday experiences of local populations throughout Europe who lived under German occupation during the Second World War. 

The project Societies under German Occupation – Experiences and Everyday Life in World War II is led by Professor Tatjana Tönsmeyer (University of Wuppertal) and Professor Peter Haslinger (Herder Institute for Historical Research on East Central Europe – Institute of the Leibniz Association/University of Gießen).



Queue of „Postimees“-customers in Estonia in spring 1943, Bildarchiv Herder-Institut Inv.nr. 156159

societies under german occupation - Queue of „Postimees“-customers in Estonia in spring 1943, Bildarchiv Herder-Institut Inv.nr. 156159

News

Societies under German Occupation –
Experiences and Everyday Life in World War II

Reading

Cooperation event series in Berlin

https://usercontent.one/wp/www.societies-under-german-occupation.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Lesung_Schauspielerin_1-3.jpg 962 1327 A.Laba http://www.societies-under-german-occupation.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/societies-under-german-occupation2_Logo-01.png A.Laba2021-09-01 16:31:332021-09-01 16:41:02Cooperation event series in Berlin
Generally

We mourn the death of Włodzimierz Borodziej (1956-2021)

https://usercontent.one/wp/www.societies-under-german-occupation.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/borodziej-2.jpg 800 800 A.Laba http://www.societies-under-german-occupation.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/societies-under-german-occupation2_Logo-01.png A.Laba2021-08-30 09:20:212021-08-30 20:01:14We mourn the death of Włodzimierz Borodziej (1956-2021)
Publication

Book Release “Fighting Hunger, Dealing with Shortage”

https://usercontent.one/wp/www.societies-under-german-occupation.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/4070933_vol1-2.jpg 612 1849 A.Laba http://www.societies-under-german-occupation.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/societies-under-german-occupation2_Logo-01.png A.Laba2021-08-28 14:08:452021-08-28 14:20:31Book Release “Fighting Hunger, Dealing with Shortage”
Palgrave Macmillan
Publication

Coping with Hunger and Shortage under German Occupation in World War II

https://usercontent.one/wp/www.societies-under-german-occupation.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/9783319774664.jpg 847 1342 A.Laba http://www.societies-under-german-occupation.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/societies-under-german-occupation2_Logo-01.png A.Laba2019-04-03 16:43:222019-04-03 16:43:22Coping with Hunger and Shortage under German Occupation in World War II
Herder-Institut, Marburg. Bildarchiv.
News

State of North Rhine-Westphalia supports research into occupied societies in Europe during the Second World War

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Societies under German Occupation - Reading in Hamburg
News, Reading

Reading of sources from the editorial project

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Societies under german occupation - Members of the project network during the annual meeting
Conferences and Workshops

“Societies under German Occupation” - Network meeting in Paris

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Societies under german occupation - occupied societies in western europe: conflict and encounter in the 20th century
Conferences and Workshops

Occupied Societies in Western Europe: Conflict and Encounter in the 20th Century

https://usercontent.one/wp/www.societies-under-german-occupation.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Societies-under-german-occupation_occupied-societies-in-western-europe_conflict-and-encounter-in-the-20th-century.jpg 881 1500 DP http://www.societies-under-german-occupation.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/societies-under-german-occupation2_Logo-01.png DP2016-09-06 08:00:392016-10-09 12:21:48Occupied Societies in Western Europe: Conflict and Encounter in the 20th Century
ZurückWeiter

Project Description

Societies under German Occupation –
Experiences and Everyday Life in World War II

The history of the Second World War has thus far been written predominantly as a history of Nazi aggression and its perpetrators. The Holocaust and the crimes of the Wehrmacht, as well as resistance movements in the occupied countries have been the focus of historical research. In contrast, there is a notable dearth of research on and documentation of the situation and perspectives of local populations living in German-occupied Europe.

The international research and editorial project ‘Societies under German Occupation – Experiences and Everyday Life in World War II’ seeks to address this deficit. The aim of the project is to compile a collection of sources, in printed and digital form, which documents the diverse and complex everyday circumstances, experiences and survival strategies of ordinary people in the states and territories occupied by the Wehrmacht during the war.

The carefully selected sources will demonstrate different perspectives and regional specificities of daily life for members of the occupied societies, which, at the height of German expansion, reached from Norway to Greece and from France into the Soviet Union, and encompassed at least 200 million people.

The edition will thus offer a unique transnational perspective on a period and topic which remains highly relevant for the politics of history and memory throughout Europe, but which has so far been examined primarily within national frameworks. In doing so, it also seeks to give new impulses for the investigation of questions about everyday life during the occupation which have hitherto remained remarkably underexplored.

The first phase of the project which has served as a pilot study has been funded by the Leibniz Association.

Children on their way to school where they receive extra soup rations, Norway’s Resistance Museum

Food queue at Yongstorget (city center) in Oslo, Norway’s Resistance Museum

Men with paper clothes (typical ‘Ersatz’ product), Riksarkivet PA‐1209/U/Ue/L0101

Nurses of the German relief organisation “Hilfszug Bayern” distributing food to French citizens, France 1940, Collection CEGESOMA

Ukrainian citizens standing in front of a German propaganda poster (1941), Bildarchiv Herder-Institut Inv.nr. 146847

Topic Areas


The edition focuses of Societies under German Occupation, in particular, on four main topic areas: ‘Supply and Shortage’, ‘Rule and Its Institutions’, ‘Labour and Exploitation’ and ‘Violence and Persecution’. Together, these thematic areas illuminate central experiences which were integral to everyday life under the conditions of occupation.

Key aspects include, for example, how disruptions to supply resulted in severe shortages of food – often leading to hunger and starvation – and scarcity of other commodities e.g. clothing, fuel and hygiene products, and the ways in which populations experienced particular forms of rule and authority in dealing with local institutions which served as intermediaries between occupiers and the occupied. Experiences of work and employment conditions which were increasingly obligatory, regimented and exploitative in nature, through to actual forced labour and demands on agricultural workers, as well as practices of dissent are also elucidated in the sources. Finally, the edition will demonstrate how many everyday contexts were accompanied and often defined by experiences of existential or humiliating and degrading acts of aggression, as well as the exposure to and witnessing of mass violence, killings, and deportations.

The pilot study focuses on the first major topic area of ‘Supply and Shortage’ and lays the groundwork for the further designated topics. Guidelines for the identification, gathering and selection of sources, as well as for the transcription, annotation and translation of the selected documents, have also been developed and tested during the pilot study.

Sources


The selected sources date from the occupation years, in some cases also from immediately before and after. A wide variety of genres will be presented: for example, ego-documents such as diaries and letters, as well as official sources (e.g. regulations or announcements), police interrogations, court records and petitions to authorities, including denunciations. Other source groups include the occupation press, papers from underground associations and trial documentation from the immediate post-occupation period. Rich and previously unknown material from regional archives throughout Europe will have a particularly prominent place in the edition.



A selection of documents, for the project Societies under German Occupation – Experiences and Everyday Life in World War II, is presented here as a preview of the kind of material that comprises the edition:



Sample Sources

What we say about the project

Šis inovatyvus projektas labai naudingas Lietuvai. Jis padėjo surasti daug iki šiol nežinomų pirminių šaltinių, leidžiančių naujai pažvelgti į Antrojo pasaulinio karo kasdienybę. Šis projektas taip pat svarbus tuo, kad Lietuvos mokslininkai gali semtis patirties iš labiau patyrusių užsienio kolegų.

Dr. Darius StaliunasSupervisor for Lithuania

Het project brengt ongekende individuele bottom-up perspectieven op de bezettingservaring naar boven, opent nieuwe perspectieven voor comparatief onderzoek en haalt de Belgische ervaring uit de nationale kaders.

Dr. Dirk LuytenSupervisor for Belgium

Okupacja wszędzie była zła, ale w Busztegradzie jeszcze odrobinę gorsza” – pisał Czech Ota Pavel w swojej najbardziej znanej książce „Śmierć pięknych saren” (Tod schöner Rehböcke).  Jest bowiem rzeczą normalną, że każde społeczeństwo zwraca uwagę na własną przeszłość i własne cierpienia, z trudem zauważając i doceniając losy i tragedię innych. Projekt pokazuje rzeczywistość całej okupowanej Europy odwołując się nie do narracji historyków, lecz do dokumentów. Ich lektura pozwoli na wyciągnięcie własnych wniosków i stworzenie własnego, wolnego od mitów i niewiedzy obrazu wojennej przeszłości.

Prof. Dr. Jerzy KochanowskiSupervisor for Poland
ZurückWeiter

International Network

Societies under German Occupation –
Experiences and Everyday Life in World War II

The project Societies under German Occupation – Experiences and Everyday Life in World War II is led by Professor Tatjana Tönsmeyer (University of Wuppertal) and Professor Peter Haslinger (Herder Institute for Historical Research on East Central Europe – Institute of the Leibniz Association/University of Gießen).

They are joined as General Editors by Professor Włodzimierz Borodziej (University of Warsaw), Dr. Stefan Martens (German Historical Institute Paris) and Professor Irina Sherbakova (MEMORIAL Moscow).

The wider international network comprises the following experts who supervise the research on the corresponding countries and regions:

Project Leaders

More Information

Societies under German Occupation - Prof. Dr. Tatjana Tönsmeyer

Prof. Dr.
Tatjana Tönsmeyer


University of Wuppertal · supervisor for Bohemia/Moravia (Protectorate) | Slovakia
 

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Societies Under German Occupation - Prof. Dr. Peter Haslinger

Prof. Dr.
Peter Haslinger


Herder Institute Marburg/University of Gießen · supervisor for Hungary
 

As general editors they are joined by

More Information

Societies Under German Occupation - Prof. Dr. Włodzimierz Borodziej

Prof. Dr.
Włodzimierz Borodziej (1956-2021)


University of Warsaw ·
Poland
 

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Societies Under German Occupation - Dr. Stefan Martens

Dr.
Stefan Martens


German Historical
Institute Paris ·
supervisor for Channel Islands
 

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Societies Under German Occupation - Dr. Irina Scherbakova

Dr.
Irina Scherbakova


Moscow MEMORIAL ·
supervisor for
Russia
 

Staff

More Information

Societies Under German Occupation - Dr. Agnes Laba

Dr.
Agnes Laba


Project Coordinator

University of Wuppertal ·
Germany

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Societies Under German Occupation - M.A., M.Int. Francis Ipgrave

M.Sc.
Francis Ipgrave


Managing Editor

University of Wuppertal ·
Germany

International network

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Societies Under German Occupation - Dr. Kusma Kozak

Dr.
Kusma Kozak


Belarusian State
University Minsk ·
supervisor for
Belarus
 

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Societies Under German Occupation - Dr. Dirk Luyten

Dr.
Dirk Luyten


Centre for Historical Research and Documentation on War and Contemporary Society Bruxelles/CEGESOMA ·
Supervisor for
Belgium
 

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Societies Under German Occupation - Prof. Dr. Karl Christian Lammers

Prof. Dr.
Karl Christian Lammers


University of Copenhagen ·
supervisor for
Denmark
 

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Societies Under German Occupation - Prof. Dr. Anu-Mai Köll

Prof. Dr.
Anu-Mai Köll


Södertörn University Sweden ·
supervisor for
Estonia
 

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Societies Under German Occupation - Prof. Dr. Olivier Wieviorka

Prof. Dr.
Olivier Wieviorka


Ecole Normale
Supérieure de Cachan ·
supervisor for
France
 

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Societies Under German Occupation - Prof. Dr. Gustavo Corni

Prof. Dr.
Gustavo Corni


University of Trento ·
Supervisor for
Italy
 

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Societies Under German Occupation - Dr. Darius Staliunas

Dr.
Darius Staliunas


Lithuanian Institute of History Vilnius ·
supervisor for
Lithuania
 

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Societies Under German Occupation - Prof. Dr. Benoît Majerus

Prof. Dr.
Benoît Majerus


University of Luxembourg ·
supervisor for
Luxembourg
 

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Societies Under German Occupation - Dr. René Kok

Dr.
René Kok


Institute for War, Holocaust- and Genocide Studies Amsterdam/NIOD·
supervisor for
Netherlands

More Information

Societies Under German Occupation - Prof. Dr. Guri Hjeltnes

Prof. Dr.
Guri Hjeltnes


Center for Studies of Holocaust and Religious Minorities Oslo ·
supervisor for
Norway

More Information

Societies Under German Occupation - Prof. Dr. hab. Jerzy Kochanowski

Prof. Dr. hab.
Jerzy Kochanowski


University of Warsaw ·
supervisor for
Poland
 

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Societies Under German Occupation - Dr. Violetta Hionidou

Dr.
Violetta Hionidou


Newcastle University ·
supervisor for
Greece
 

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Societies Under German Occupation - Prof. Dr. Gelinada Grinchenko

Prof. Dr.
Gelinada Grinchenko


Karazin Kharki National University ·
supervisor for U
kraine
 

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Societies under German Occupation - Prof. Dr. Milan Ristović

Prof. Dr.
Milan Ristović


University of Belgrad ·
supervisor for former Yugoslavia
 

Former network members

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Societies Under German Occupation - Prof. Dr. Tanja Penter

Prof. Dr.
Tanja Penter


University of Heidelberg ·
former supervisor for
Ukraine

More Information

Societies Under German Occupation - Prof. Dr. Hagen Fleischer

Prof. Dr.
Hagen Fleischer


University of Athens ·
former supervisor for
Greece

Hybrid Edition

Societies under German Occupation –
Experiences and Everyday Life in World War II

In order to cater for a diverse international audience, the edition will be published in hybrid form. This combines the advantages of a multiple-volume, printed publication in English with a digital project portal which presents the sources both in English and the original languages. The sources are transcribed, annotated and translated according to project-specific guidelines which ensure the highest scholarly standards.

The digital edition will include a number of facsimiles, in order to convey the visual and material qualities of selected sources, and advanced interactive search functions. The project portal will also offer additional, specifically developed features for teaching purposes. Preparations for the online edition are being made with the Trier Center for Digital Humanities which will be the main project partner for the digital implementation of the edition, and with the support of the Interdisciplinary Center for Edition and Documentation Studies (University of Wuppertal) and the Center for Media and Interactivity (University of Gießen).

socities under german occupation - rural-population-of-the-generalgouvernement-receiving-fabrics-with-special-rationing-cards-of-the-ernteerfassungsaktion-im-generalgouvernement-28-xi-1942


Rural population of the Generalgouvernement receiving fabrics with special rationing cards of the “Ernteerfassungsaktion im Generalgouvernement” which the German occupying powers introduced as rewards for the submission of agricultural products, 28.XI.1942, Collection CEGESOMA
 

Sample Sources

Societies under German Occupation –
Experiences and Everyday Life in World War II

The following sources offer an insight into the diverse genres, languages and visual qualities of the documents presented in the edition Societies under German Occupation – Experiences and Everyday Life in World War II. A number of facsimiles like these will be included in the digital edition. Transcriptions of the sources selected for the edition are produced on the basis of the digital copies obtained from the archives; the resulting transcriptions are then annotated and translated with reference to the original facsimiles.

Report on the “Situation and tasks of agriculture”, by. J. Andersons, head of the Latvian agriculture administration, [1942]

Report on the “Situation and tasks of agriculture”, by. J. Andersons, head of the Latvian agriculture administration, [1942]

Bundesarchiv Berlin (Federal Archive Berlin); R-92/477.

Writing of the command of Kaunas economy of August 2, 1941 to the commissar of the Kaunas city circuit regarding setting of ration to the civilians

Lietuvos centrinis valstybės Archyvas (Lithuanian Central State Archives); LCVA Fond R-615 Inv. 2 File 2, p. 11r).

Head-Office of Agiculture (Landwirtschaftliche Zentralstelle) in Cracow

Archiwum Akt Nowych w Warszawie (The Central Archives of Modern Records); AAN, LZ, 467, p. 11.

Report of the arrest on the Belgrade railway station of the peasant and his customer during the illegal sale of two piglets. Belgrade, 27 November 1941

Arhiv Srbije (Archives of Serbia); AS-G-6, F-37, nr. 8795.

societies under german occupation - KdS Litauen, Status report August 1943_1
KdS Litauen, Status report August 1943| (1/4)
societies under german occupation - KdS Litauen, Status report August 1943_2
KdS Litauen, Status report August 1943| (2/4)
societies under german occupation - KdS Litauen, Status report August 1943_3
KdS Litauen, Status report August 1943| (3/4)
societies under german occupation - KdS Litauen, Status report August 1943_4
KdS Litauen, Status report August 1943| (4/4)

KdS Litauen, Status report August 1943

Lietuvos Centrinis Valstybės Archyvas(Lithuanian Central State Archives); R 1399-1-61, Bl. 166-168.

societies under german occupation - The instruction of department of prices in the administration of Generalgouvernement about the fight with black market| (1/9)
The instruction of department of prices in the administration of Generalgouvernement about the fight with black market| (1/9)
societies under german occupation - The instruction of department of prices in the administration of Generalgouvernement about the fight with black market| (2/9)
The instruction of department of prices in the administration of Generalgouvernement about the fight with black market| (2/9)
societies under german occupation - The instruction of department of prices in the administration of Generalgouvernement about the fight with black market| (3/9)
The instruction of department of prices in the administration of Generalgouvernement about the fight with black market| (3/9)
societies under german occupation - The instruction of department of prices in the administration of Generalgouvernement about the fight with black market| (4/9)
The instruction of department of prices in the administration of Generalgouvernement about the fight with black market| (4/9)
societies under german occupation - The instruction of department of prices in the administration of Generalgouvernement about the fight with black market| (5/9)
The instruction of department of prices in the administration of Generalgouvernement about the fight with black market| (5/9)
societies under german occupation - The instruction of department of prices in the administration of Generalgouvernement about the fight with black market| (6/9)
The instruction of department of prices in the administration of Generalgouvernement about the fight with black market| (6/9)
societies under german occupation - The instruction of department of prices in the administration of Generalgouvernement about the fight with black market| (7/9)
The instruction of department of prices in the administration of Generalgouvernement about the fight with black market| (7/9)
societies under german occupation - The instruction of department of prices in the administration of Generalgouvernement about the fight with black market| (8/9)
The instruction of department of prices in the administration of Generalgouvernement about the fight with black market| (8/9)
societies under german occupation - The instruction of department of prices in the administration of Generalgouvernement about the fight with black market| (9/9)
The instruction of department of prices in the administration of Generalgouvernement about the fight with black market| (9/9)

The instruction of department of prices in the administration of Generalgouvernement about the fight with black market

Derzhavhyi arkhiv L’vivs’koi oblasti (DALO) (State Archive of Lvov Region); GALO, f. R.35, op 2, d.109, l. 10-11.

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Herder Institut Marburg
Für historische Ostmitteleuropaforschung – Institut der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft
Gisonenweg 5-7 | 35037 Marburg



Bergische Universität Wuppertal
Fakultät für Geistes- und Kulturwissenschaften – Geschichte
Gaußstraße 20 | 42119 Wuppertal


Laura Eckl M.A.
Project Coordinator
Phone: +49 (0) 202-439 2425
E-Mail: info.occupied.societies@uni-wuppertal.de

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